Master Budget shows the operating profit of the business for the budget period and budgeted balance sheet at its close. Master Budget is the summary budget incorporating its component functional budgets, which is finally approved, adopted and employed. When functional budgets have been completed, the Budget Officer prepares the Master Budget. The final integration of all functional budgets by the Budget Officer provides the Master Budget. Types of Budget Based on Functionsīased on activities or functions of a business, budgets can be classified into 2 types This budget is adjusted to the current conditions prevailing in the business. Current BudgetĪ budget that is established for use over a short period and is related to the current conditions is called the Current Budget. This budget is more useful for top-level management for formulating policies. This budget does not take into consideration changes occurring from the external environment which are beyond the control of management. Shortterm budgets are prepared in detail and these budgets help to exercise control over day-to-day operations.Įxample: Material Consumption Budget, Labor Utilization Budget, Cash Budget, etc.īased on conditions prevailing, a budget can be classified into 2 types Ī budget that is established for use as unaltered over a long period is called Basic Budget.
Sometimes a budget may be prepared for a shorter period (like monthly budget, quarterly budget, etc.). This budget is drawn usually for one year. Therefore, from a control point of view, the long-term budget should be supplemented by short-term budgets.Įxample: Research and Development Budget, Capital Expenditure Budget, etc. The long-term budget may be adversely affected due to unpredictable factors. This budget is related to the planning operations of an organization for a period of 5 to 10 years. It indicates the capital to be employed during the period.īased on time factor budgets can be classified into two types.It shows probable expenditure to be incurred.It shows the planned income to be generated.It is prepared and approved before a defined time.It is a plan expressed in financial-terms for attaining some objective.The analysis of the above definition shows the following elements in the budget: We consider the role of budgeting as a control device.Ī budget is a blueprint of the plan of action to be followed during a specific time for attaining some decided objective.Īccording to CIMA Official Terminology, budget is “a plan quantified in monetary terms prepared and approved before a defined time usually showing planned income to be generated and or expenditure to be incurred during that period and the capital to be employed to attain a given objective.” Once adopted a budget becomes important in strong instruments for performance. These plans s the objectives of the company and the proposed way of accomplishing them.Ī budget is a formal statement of management’s plans for a specified method of communicating the agreed-upon objective of the organization.Ĭompanies usually propose a budget to plan for and their control their revenues (inflows) expenses (outflows), failure to prepare a budget could lead to significant cash flow problems or even f disaster for a company. A successful organization makes both long term and short-term plans. Planning is the process of establishing en wide objectives. One of the management major responsibilities is planning.
Good planning without effective control is a waste of time and effort. To be effective, a good budgeting system must provide for both planning and control. Planning involves developing goals and preparing various budgets to achieve those goals.Ĭontrol involves the steps taken by management to increase the likelihood that all parts of the organization are working together to achieve the goals set down at the planning stage. The master budget-which culminates in a cash budget, a budgeted income statement, and a budgeted balance sheet- formally lays out the financial aspects of management’s plans for the future and assists in monitoring actual expenditures relative to those plans.īudgets are used for two distinct purposes planning and control.